Barley

Country
India (IN)
Scientific Name
Hordeum spp.
Group
Grains / Seeds
End use
Processing
NPPO Details
Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage; Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare
Relevant Web Addresses
http://www.ppqs.gov.in/
Criteria Criteria Required?
Import Permit No
Phytosanitary Certificate Yes
Additional Declaration/Endorsement Yes
Protocol Market No

Consignments are to be free from pests, soil, weed seeds and extraneous material.


Phosphine treatment

PLEASE NOTE THE TRIAL IS CURRENTLY ON HOLD. NO NEW IN-TRANSIT PHOSPHINE FUMIGATION PLANS WILL BE APPROVED, AND NO IN-TRANSIT PHOSPHINE FUMIGATION DETAILS WILL BE ENDORSED ON PHYTOSANITARY CERTIFICATES. PRODUCTS MUST BE TREATED WITH METHYL BROMIDE OR PHOSPHINE PRIOR TO SHIPMENT AS DETAILED IN THE TREATMENT SECTION UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE.

In-transit phosphine fumigation treatment for products sent via bulk vessels is currently being trialled. In-transit fumigation treatment with phosphine is undertaken on a trial basis only and requires prior approval by the Grain and Seed Export Program. See the Treatment section below for further details.

Explanation of the endorsements

Endorsement 3573:
  • Freedom from Granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius) and Ergot (Claviceps purpurea) may be endorsed on the phytosanitary certificate based on visual inspection by the Authorised Officer.
  • All consignments must be free from India's quarantine weed seeds as per Schedule VIII of PQ Order 2003. Exporter must provide a laboratory analysis certificate attesting to the endorsement and to present to the Authorised Officer at time of inspection.
  • In Addition, visual inspection by the Authorised Officer must be undertaken as per instructional material for endorsing freedom from the following quarantine weed seeds.
  • Visual inspection by an Authorised Officer is sufficient to endorse freedom from soil (as per normal tolerances).

Updated Quarantine Weed Seed List.

Where applicable, the exporter is to provide evidence attesting to the endorsement and present it to the Authorised Officer at the time of inspection.

Each consignment is to be fumigated with methyl bromide or phosphine as outlined below.

Note: In-transit fumigation treatment with phosphine is undertaken on a trial basis only and requires prior approval by the Grain and Seed Export Program.

Methyl bromide
  • 32 grm/m3 for 24 hours at 21 degrees Celsius or above at NAP as per the PQ Order 2003;
OR

The Indian NPPO accepts the following dosage compensation for methyl bromide fumigation applied at temperatures between 10 and 21 degrees Celsius: 
  • 40 grm/m3 at 16 - 20 degrees Celsius for 24 hours at NAP;

OR

  • 48 grm/m3 at 11 - 15 degrees Celsius for 24 hours at NAP.
OR
  • 56 grm/m3 at 10 – 10.9 degrees Celsius for 24 hours at NAP.
Note: Methyl bromide fumigation is not permitted at temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius. 

OR

Pre-shipment phosphine fumigation
  • 2 grm/m3 for 7 days at 25 degrees Celsius or above;
OR
  • 2 grm/m3 for 10 days at 15-25 degrees Celsius.
Please note that the department's minor use permit for aluminium phosphide and cylinderised phosphine gas (both 99% phosphine and 2% phosphine active constituent versions) only allows for above-label concentrations if fumigation is conducted over a minimum exposure period of:

  • 7 days when commodity temperature is above 25 degrees Celsius
  • 10 days when commodity temperature is 15-25 degrees Celsius
  • 20 days for surface-only applications in well-sealed structures greater than 375m3 (300 metric tonne capacity)—it is the fumigator's responsibility to apply as appropriate.
Although the minimum fumigation duration and/or temperature required by the NPPO is below this, the department's minor use permit does not allow for treatments shorter than the above periods or at lower temperatures. The phosphine concentration applied must still meet the NPPO minimum concentration.

Treatment requirements with minimum concentrations greater than the below schedules are considered above-label treatments:

FumigantConcentration
Aluminium phosphide1.5 grm/m3
99% phosphine gas1.4 grm/m3
2% phosphine gas70 grm/m3 (1.4 grm/m3 phosphine)
(Magnesium phosphide)(No departmental minor use permit available)
 

Treatment details for phosphine treatments are to be endorsed in the Treatment section as:

“WITH [PHOSPHINE/ALUMINIUM PHOSPHIDE] AT [NPPO concentration]GRM/M3 FOR [NPPO minimum duration] OR MORE AT [temperature] DEGREES CELSIUS [add “OR ABOVE" if fumigation temperature is greater than NPPO minimum temperature]"

For example, if an NPPO requires aluminium phosphide  treatment at 5 GRM/M3 FOR 5 DAYS at 20 DEGREES CELSIUS, the treatment should be conducted at 5 grams per cubic metre for 10 days at 20 degrees and the text should read as:

“WITH ALUMINIUM PHOSPHIDE AT 5 GRM/M3 FOR 5 DAYS OR MORE AT 20 DEGREES CELSIUS"


The exporter is to provide evidence attesting to the treatment and present it to the Authorised Officer at the time of inspection.

Details of treatment to be endorsed on the phytosanitary certificate in the treatment section.

In-transit phosphine fumigation (trial)

In-transit phosphine fumigation treatment for products sent via bulk vessels is currently being trialled. Consignments are to be treated with phosphine at Australian approved label rates, subject to prior approval by the Grain and Seed Export Program. 

For phosphine treatment which is undertaken in-transit, the licensed fumigator/exporter is to provide the Grain and Seed Export Program (Grain.Export@aff.gov.au) with the following information and obtain approval prior to the loading and departure of the vessel:
  • Permit issued by the APVMA allowing use of fumigant in-transit, and evidence of compliance with any other regulatory requirements including approvals by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA), state/territory regulators, port authorities and ship's masters (for in-transit fumigation only)
  • Fumigation plan including re-circulation method and monitoring lines and their locations
  • Method of sealing holds during fumigation 
  • Method of clearing the fumigant from the consignment
  • Method used to provide gas free certification
A treatment certificate from the licensed fumigator must be presented prior to the issuance of any government certificates and must contain:
  • Dosage (grm/m3), temperature (℃), and duration of treatment (days) in accordance with Australian label rates
  • Vessel name, destination and holds loaded
  • Commodity and quantity
  • Signed by a licensed fumigator with contact details provided
Pre-shipment fumigation:

The exporter is to provide evidence attesting to the treatment and present it to the Authorised Officer at the time of inspection.

Details of treatment to be endorsed on the phytosanitary certificate in the treatment section.

In-transit fumigation:

The exporter is to provide evidence attesting to the treatment and present it to the department at time of authorisation.

In-transit phosphine fumigation details may be endorsed on the phytosanitary certificate in the treatment section as follows:

The phosphine fumigation of [commodity] onboard [enter vessel name] was conducted in-transit by a licensed fumigator at (g/m3) for (days) at (℃).

Note: If phosphine treatment is to be undertaken in-transit, consignment must be found free of live insects during phytosanitary inspection.

Option 1 (EXDOC Endorsement 3573)
1) The consignment is free from Ergot (Claviceps purpurea) and Granary Weevil (Sitophilus granarius),
2) The consignment is free from quarantine weed seeds,
3) The consignment is free from soil.
Plant Quarantine (Regulation of Import into India) (Tenth Amendment) Order, 2019, correspondence from NPPO dated 26 May 2022.
09/07/2025 - Clarification for phosphine treatment.
14/05/2025 - Treatment option added as per NPPO requirements.
24/04/2025 - New treatment option added for dosage compensation between 10 and 11 Degrees Celsius.
26/03/2024 - Explanation of endorsement 3573 text updated.
11/10/2023 - Update to treatment requirements to clarify pre-shipment phosphine fumigation also does not meet NPPO requirements.
25/07/2023 - Update to treatment requirements to note that in-transit phosphine trial has finished.
15/09/2022 - Updated treatment requirements to clarify treatment with phosphine is being undertaken on a trial basis only and Australian label rates are to be applied.
07/07/2022 - New phosphine treatment option added.
Initial Uploaded: 28/11/2014
Reviewed Uploaded: 18/07/2026